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== Measuring Distance ==

Distances (in cm and in range bands) are measured with
a ruler. Any ruler will do, but the RACKHAM tape measure
has been designed for miniature games and makes measuring
ranges easy.
Th e distances must be measured from the edge of one element
to the edge of another. It can be either the edge of a miniature’s
base or the edge of a terrain element.
When one unit shoots at another, the only measurement
taken is from the edge of the leader’s base to the edge of the
enemy leader’s base. Any terrain element or fi ghter that is only
partially within a certain distance is always considered to be in
the shorter of the two distances.
Important! You are not allowed to measure any distance
before declaring an action. Th e action is declared fi rst and any
measuring performed afterwards.

== Units ==

All the fi ghters in Confrontation are part of units, groups
of one or more fi ghters sharing the same category (infantry,
cavalry, creature, war machine or titan; see below). Each unit
is represented by a card (see p. 84), which lists their main ingame
characteristics. Th e combination of all a player’s units is
known as his company.
Each unit includes a leader, indicated by the player at the
beginning of the game. Th is fi ghter is a standard fi ghter (see
below); he has the same characteristics as the other members
of the unit. He is used as a reference point when measuring
distances.
When the leader is eliminated, he is replaced by another
fi ghter in his unit. Th e player designates the standard fi ghter
(see below) closest to the former leader to become the new leader. If there are only special fi ghters left, the closest to the
former leader becomes the leader.
Incarnates (see p. 112) are always the leaders of their unit.

'''Unit formation'''

Inside a unit, the positions of the miniatures obey strict
rules. Th is is called the formation.
• Scattered formation: Each fi ghter has to be within 10
cm of the unit leader and each fi ghter has to be within 2.5 cm
of another fi ghter in the unit. Th is formation only needs to be
checked at the end of the unit’s movement.
Any fi ghter who is in contact with an opponent does not
need to stay in formation.
 
*Close formation
Each fighter has to be within 10 cm of the unit leader. Th e miniatures are supposed to be in contact
and form ranks as equal a possible. Th e fi ghters must remain
in formation during their whole movement.

'''Category of troops'''

There are five troops Categories:
*Infantry includes all foot soldiers.
*Cavalry includes all mounted fi ghters, no matter their mount, and centaurs of all kinds.
*Creatures includes all the animals and monsters that occasionally join an army.
*War machines are all the engines of destruction and siege weapons known for their terrifying power. Fortifi cations are also included in this category.
*Titans are the most massive and powerful fi ghters, strong enough to crush entire armies on their own.Some Categories (infantry, cavalry and creatures) are also split into three Ranks.

*Rank 1 fighters represent the majority of the troops fi ghting on the battlefi eld. Enrolled from the population in the more organized nations or trained traditionally for combat in the more warlike cultures, their strength lies as much in their numbers as in their combat skill.
*Rank 2 fighters are the most experienced and dangerous warriors among their people. Th eir better training and equipment means their intervention is often decisive.
*Rank 3 fighters are death embodied. Their names are universally known across Aarklash. Th eir presence on the battlefi eld warms the hearts of their allies and chills the soul of their enemies.

'''Type of troop'''
Th e type of a unit is determined by the name of the standard
fi ghters that it is composed of.
Example: A unit whose type is “conscripts of the Griffi n” is
mostly composed of conscripts of the Griffi n standard fi ghters
and conscripts of the Griffi n special fi ghters.

'''Special fighters and standard fighters'''

Some fi ghters have specifi c roles (see “Incarnates”, “Mystics”
and “Morale” chapters). They are called special fi ghters, as
opposed to standard fighters.

The term “special fighters” designates…

*Incarnates: Every army has its heroes, famous characters who inspire courage in the troops and sow panic in their enemies’hearts. Most of the time they are strategic geniuses and exceptional fi ghters, chosen by the gods themselves to serve as their champions. Death has no power over them! An Incarnate is identified by a personal name on his card. Each company has to include at least one Incarnate.
*Mystics: Magicians cast spells and faithful can call upon the gods for miracles to support their comrades or smite the enemy. Th e presence of either in a company’s ranks shows that excellence in combat can be combined with the mastery of the mystic lore of Aarklash!
*Standard bearers and musicians: These special fi ghters are in charge of fuelling the troops’ morale and fi ghting spirit. Th ey signify hope and victory to those in their ranks. The sight of a standard, the clear sound of a horn or the deep beat of a drum are a way of reminding the soldiers that courage is the fi rst weapon of any army!

*Specialists: As their name suggests, specialists are fi ghters that have mastered a particular fi eld. In game terms, they trigger special eff ects.


== Moving Miniatures ==

A unit can change formation at the beginning of its activation.
A unit can move in any direction. Th e maximum distance it
can travel depends on the fi ghters and the movement type selected
(see Activation phase, pp. 90-97). A free unit can change
formation after any movement.
Other fi ghters and impassable terrain elements constitute obstacles
that need to be skirted around. Even a knight in heavy armor
cannot ride through a stone wall. When a fi ghter moves, his
base must be able to pass between all the obstacles in his way.
Infantry and cavalry units on the same side and in scattered
formation do not hinder each other’s movement and they do not
need to be skirted around. However, enemy units cannot “move
through” them. If the unit does not have enough movement to
move entirely through another unit or an obstacle, the moving
unit stops 1 cm in front of it.

== Field of vision and line of sigth ==

All miniatures have a 360° field of vision. Soldiers are capable
of turning around when something threatens them
from behind or from the side – a whole unit could hardly
miss the “sneaky” approach of a group of enemy soldiers!
A fi ghter has a line of sight on an element when he can
see it. Obstacles can prevent a unit from seeing enemies.
When 2D terrain is
used (a gaming poster
for instance), a fi ghter
has a line of sight if it
is possible to trace an
imaginary line between
the fi ghter’s base and
the base of the targeted
element, without crossing
any obstacle.
When 3D terrain
is used (hedgerows,
etc.), the player adopts
the point of view of the
fi ghter, by getting down
to the miniature’s level
and “looking through
its eyes”. If the miniature
can see any part
of the target the fi ghter
has a line of sight.

== Cards ==
Th e cards supplied with Confrontation miniatures list the
fi ghters’ characteristics and some useful information for resolving
their actions. Called reference profi les or just profi
les, they are also used to help identify the fi ghters and their
weapons. Moreover, fi ghters have abilities or special tactics listed in
their corresponding Army Book.

''Notes:
1. Courage can be replaced by Fear : Th e higher the
value the greater the chances are the fi ghter’s enemies will be
struck by fear.
2. Health can be replaced by Structure : Number of
structure points the war machine or fortifi cation has.''


== Universal table of resolution ==

When a Confrontation fi ghter undertakes an action the
universal table of resolution is used to determine if he succeeds
or if he fails.

To perform an action you need both its action value (generally
a characteristic) and its diffi culty. Th e descriptions of
the various actions indicate which values you are going to use.
Th e diffi culty is either a characteristic or a fi xed value imposed
by the rules. In the second case, the fi xed value appears
in parentheses.

''Example: “Each player rolls a Courage test (8)” means
that the diffi culty for this test is 8. Th e action value is the
Courage characteristic of the unit concerned.
''

You then do the simple calculation: '''action value – diffi -
culty'''. The result indicates the column to read in the universal
table of resolution. Th is column gives you the minimum result
needed on a die for the action to be successful

The player then rolls a certain number of dice, depending
on the test:
*Courage test: One die for the unit;
*Attack test: All the dice used in a hand to hand or
ranged attack;
*Strength test: As many dice as the number of hits obtained.

Each die that shows a result equal to or greater than that
indicated by the table is a success. Th e number of successes is
then totaled. For Courage tests, whenever a game eff ect allows the rolling
of several dice, only the one showing the best result is used
and all the others are discarded.


== Damage ==
Hitting a fi ghter is not always enough to knock him out: you
need to hit him hard enough.
Each time a fi ghter is hit by a mêlée attack, a projectile or
any other game eff ect that could potentially wound him, the
players resolve a test on the universal table of resolution:
*The action value is equal to the Strength of the weapon used.
*The difficulty of the test is equal to the Resilience of the target.
Each success means one damage point is infl icted on the target.
Each damage point takes away one health point from fi ghters
or one structure point from war machines and fortifi cations.
A fi ghter is eliminated when he has lost all of his health points.
A war machine or a fortifi cation is eliminated when it has lost all
of its structure points.
The eliminated piece is removed from the battlefi eld.


== Playing a game ==

A game of Confrontation always begins by selecting a
battle. Once this has been decided,
each player is allocated a certain number of army points
(A.P.) to build a company (see p. 126) that he will take to
battle. Both players then set up the battlefi eld and deploy their
miniatures.
The first player plays his first unit, the second player then
plays his fi rst unit, the first player then plays his second unit,
and so on, until all their units have been played. Th ey are said
to activate their units.

A game lasts a certain number of game rounds. Th is number
may be defi ned by the battle or by the players themselves.
A game round is split into three phases. Each phase is detailed
in its own chapter hereafter.
*1 – Tactical phase 
Th e players determine the order in which they will activate
their units and decide who goes fi rst.
*2 – Activation phase 
Th e players take turns to activate their units. Th e fi ghters
move across the battlefield, cast spells and call miracles, shoot
at their enemies, engage them in hand to hand combat and
resolve mêlées.
*3 – Control phase 
The players assess the consequences of the preceding
phases: calculation of mana and faith points for the mystics,
review of which objectives have been fulfi lled. Th e round ends
with this phase.


=== Tactical Phase ===

== Ordering the activation sequence ==

Th e activation sequence represents the order in which the
units will be played during the round. To constitute his activation
sequence, each player picks up the cards corresponding
to each of the units in his company that are either on the
battlefi eld or about to enter the battlefi eld.
Hereafter, you will fi nd six game modes for ordering the activation
sequence listed in increasing level of complexity. “Marauder”
is the default game mode. Choose the one that best
suits your gaming style!
The game modes off er many advantages:
*The players can choose a random strategic challenge by rolling a die and playing the mode corresponding to the result.
*A beginner can choose an easier game mode to play against a more experienced player to balance the game. Meanwhile an experienced player can choose to make the game more challenging by choosing an expert game mode.
*These modes can simulate particular battle conditions. The enemy has a spy in your ranks? You will be playing “master strategist” until you fi nd him!

Once the activation sequence has been constructed it is not possible to change its order until the following round. Some game modes are subject to particular rules.

*Barbarian: No activation sequence is constructed. Taking turns, the players reveal the card of their choice from their deck and activate the corresponding unit. Cards that have been revealed are put to one side to show which units have already been activated.
*Marauder: The players shuffle their cards face down into a single deck. Th e fi rst active player (see further) draws the first card and hands it to its owner, making him the new active player. Th e unit represented by the card is activated. When all the actions of this unit have been performed, the player on the left of the player who originally drew the card, draws the next card, thus activating the corresponding unit, etc.
*Warlord: Each player shuffl es his deck and, without looking at it, places it face down in front of him. The first player reveals his fi rst card and activates the corresponding unit; the next player then does the same. Every player has a random activation sequence!
*General: Each player places his cards in front him, face down, from left to right in the order they wish to play them.
*Master strategist: Each player prepares his activation sequence in secret. All the players place at the same time their cards in front of them, face up, from left to right in the order in which they wish to play them.
*Military genius: Each player prepares his activation sequence in secret. The players are divided into two sides. All the players place their cards in front of them from left to right in the order they wish to play them. One of the two sides places its cards face up and the other side places them face down. The side that plays face up remains the same for the whole game.


== Authority Opposition ==
Each company is led by an Incarnate; the one with the highest
Authority value is the Commander of the company.
Th e players perform an Authority opposition with their
respective Commanders. Th ey each roll a die and add their
Commander’s Authority to the result.
*If a player gets a on the die, he automatically loses the Authority opposition.
*If all the players get a on the die, they all re-roll the Authority opposition.
*If the die shows a , the player gets to choose if he wants to re-roll the die and add the new result to the previous
*However, if the re-rolled die shows , the Authority opposition is lost! Th e die can continue to be re-rolled as long as it shows a . If a game effect allows a player to roll several dice, only the best one is kept. If he chooses to re-roll a , any other die that rolled a diff erent result is discarded.
*If several players roll a , the player whose Commander has the lowest Authority re-rolls fi rst. The player who obtains the highest fi nal result wins the Authority opposition. In case of a tie, the test is re-rolled. If the Commander has the “Strategist” ability, a bonus die is rolled on the Authority opposition (only the best die is kept).
If the Commander is part of a unit in rout, or if the
company does not include any Incarnate with an Authority
value, the result of the Authority opposition is the
result of the die alone (modifi ed by possible game eff ects).
Th e winner of the Authority opposition chooses who the
fi rst active player will be. He may choose himself. Th e winner
of the Authority opposition gets other advantages during the
round, so it is useful to remember who it is.

=== Activation Phase ===

During the activation phase players take turns to
activate their units. An activated unit can move, attack
from range, use its mystical powers and engage
in furious mêlées!
Reminder: Th e active player is the player whose
turn it is to play.
Th e winner of the Authority opposition decides
which player goes fi rst. Th e player whose turn it is to
play is called the “active player”
Th e active player resolves the following steps in the
order below:
*1/ He draws, reveals or picks a card according to the game mode selected;
*2/ The corresponding unit is activated and the player who controls it resolves its actions;
*3/ The active player hands the lead to the next player, who becomes the active player.
Important: In Marauder mode the active player changes whenever, during the fi rst step, he draws the
card of a unit that is not his.

== Drawing the Cards ==

The drawing of the cards is diff erent depending on the
mode selected for the game. The next step is Activating the unit.

'''Barbarian mode'''
The active player picks one of his cards and goes on to the
next step “Activating a unit’.

'''Marauder mode'''
The first active player draws the fi rst card without revealing
it to his opponent. If it is one of the opponents’ cards, he reveals it and hands it to him. Th e corresponding player becomes the active player and goes on to the next step “Activating a unit”.
If it is one of his cards, he has two options:
*He reveals the card and goes on to the next step “Activating a unit”;
*He places the card in reserve. Th is can be done once per round and per player.
The card is not revealed, it is put aside and the player passes
his turn. When his turn to draw a card comes again, the player
can choose not to draw a card and play the one he has in reserve
instead. If there are no more cards to draw, the player
plays his reserve card.

'''Any other mode'''
The active player chooses one of the following actions:
*He reveals the fi rst card of his activation sequence. The corresponding unit is activated: the player goes on to the
next step “Activating a unit’;
*He chooses to put the fi rst card of his activation sequence in reserve. Th is can be done only once per round per player. The card is not revealed, it is put aside and the player passes;
*He plays his reserve card. Th is card is revealed instead of the fi rst card in his sequence. Th e corresponding unit is activated and the player goes on to the next step “Activating a unit”.

== Activating Unit ==

When it is activated a unit can perform one of the following
actions. Th e player must announce the action before measuring
distances.
*Walk;
*Walk and/or ranged attack and/or mystic action (in any order chosen by the player);
*Run and/or mystic action (in any order chosen by the player)
*Assault and/or mystic action (in any order chosen by the player).
It is possible to decide not to do anything. Th e unit is still
considered activated.
Once the action chosen has been resolved the fi rst player
hands the lead to the player to his left, who becomes the active
player. Th e activation phase ends once each player has revealed
his entire activation sequence.
In Marauder mode, the active player is the player whose
card has just been revealed. Th e activation phase ends when
the deck is empty and when all the reserve cards have been
played.

== Moving a Unit ==

A movement (walk, run or assault) depends on the action
chosen and the Movement value of the unit’s fi ghters. A
unit’s Movement value is equal to that of its slowest
member. Fighters take the most direct route when they move.
Th e maximum distance (in cm) depends on the type of movement
chosen:
• Walk: Th e unit can move in any direction. Th e maximum
distance is equal to the unit’s Movement . Walking does
not allow the unit to engage an enemy unit.
• Run: Similar to Walk, but the maximum distance is equal
to twice the unit’s Movement .
• Assault: Th e unit moves towards the enemy unit designated
by the player. Th e maximum distance of this movement
is equal to twice the unit’s Movement . An assault allows
the unit to engage a single enemy unit.

'''Obstacles'''

A unit skirts around obstacles when it moves; impassable
terrain elements or units are obstacles. Infantry and cavalry
units on the same side and in scattered formation do not hinder
each other’s movement. However, they cannot fi nish their
movement inside one another’s formation. A unit that does
not have enough movement to move entirely through an obstacle
stops 1 cm in front of it.

*If the unit is in close formation, all of its fi ghters must stay in base to base contact during the whole movement.However, the number of ranks and the position of each fighter may change during and after the unit’s movement.

'''Assault'''

An assault is a movement that allows a unit to engage the
enemy in mêlée.
*A free unit can assault an enemy unit;
*An engaged unit can assault an enemy unit it is in contact with. In this case only the free fi ghters of the unit can move to engage enemies, but all the fi ghters in contact after the movement can attack – even those who have not moved! The player measures the distance (skirting round obstacles)
separating the assaulting unit from the designated enemy unit.
*If this distance is greater than twice the unit’s Movement, the assault fails. Th e unit moves as close as possible to the designated unit and remains in formation.
*If the distance is less than or equal to twice the unit’s Movement, the unit goes into scattered formation. Th e assault succeeds
and both units are engaged.

All of the assaulting fi ghters are moved in the
order chosen by the player. If possible, each of
them who has enough movement is placed in
contact with an assaulted fi ghter, If their base
allows them to, and if the player wants to, he
can engage several fi ghters at once.
The assaulting fi ghters out of reach are
moved in as close as possible, respecting the
formation rules. Th is is war!

*If the unit succeeds at the test, the assault takes place normally;
*If the unit fails the test and is the active unit, it is in rout and its activation ends, but it remains where it is.
*If the unit fails the test and it is not the active unit, it is in rout and it is subjected to Morale rules.

== Unit Ranged Attack ==

A unit can attack from range if at least one of its fi ghters
fulfi lls the following conditions:
*He has ranged combat characteristics;
*His unit is free.
Ranged attacks are resolved either before or after the unit’s movement. All the marksmen of the unit who have the same profile shoot at the same target simultaneously; marksmen who have diff erent profi les shoot in diff erent salvos. Each salvo is resolved according to the following steps:
*1/ Choice of the target and the marksmen
*2/ Measuring the range
*3/ Ranged attack test
*4/ Strength test
*5/ Removal of the losses

The player can choose in which
order the salvos are resolved. It is
possible to decide not to shoot with
a certain profi le of marksman. For
example, if a special fi ghter has a
ranged weapon that is diff erent from
that of the standard fi ghters accompanying
him, it is possible to choose
not to shoot with one of the profiles.


==== Choice of the target and the marksmen ====

Th e active player designates an enemy
unit as the unit’s target. It needs
to be able to see at least one fi ghter of
the unit it is shooting at. It is impossible
to target an engaged unit.
Only the marksmen who can see
a fi ghter of the targeted unit can
shoot.


==== Measuring the range ====
The distance between the two
units is measured from leader to
leader using the range marked tape
measure. Th e range is the diffi culty
for the ranged attacks.

==== Ranged attack test====
Th e player rolls the number of dice indicated by the profi le’s
ranged combat characteristic , multiplied by
the number of marksmen. Th e action value is their Ranged
attack, the diffi culty is the range measured. Each success infl
icts a hit. Each failure is a miss.

==== Strength test ====
Th e active player rolls one die per hit. Th e action value is the
Strength of the ranged weapon used; the diffi culty is the Resilience
of the fi ghters of the targeted unit. Each success infl icts
one damage point on the targeted unit.

==== Removal of the losses ====
Damage points are distributed to eliminate as many fighters
as possible. Th e fi ghters closest to the leader of the unit of
marksmen are eliminated fi rst. Eliminated fi ghters are removed
from the battlefi eld.It is possible to cause more hits and more damage points than dice rolled (see General rules), but a salvo cannot eliminate more targets than there were weapons shot.

==Combat==

A combat is resolved when a unit is engaged with an enemy
unit at the end of its movement or when an engaged unit
chooses not to move when it is activated. Th e fi ghters on both
sides then form a mêlée, where the active unit hacks its enemies
to bits in hand to hand combat. Th e latter will only be allowed
to retaliate during their next activation… if they survive.
A mêlée is split into a number of combats. Each combat opposes
two profi les of fi ghters: an attacker profi le for the active
unit and a defender profi le for the unit being assaulted.
Th e active player chooses the order in which the fi ghters of
his unit resolve their combats.

*A fighter can only fi ght against the enemies in contact
with his base or his miniature;
*A fighter can be involved in several successive combats if
he is in contact with enemies with diff erent profi les. In this
case, his combat dice are split between the diff erent combats
he takes part in.
Each combat is resolved following the steps in the order
below:

*1/ Choice of weapon
*2/ Hand to hand attack test
*3/ Strength test
*4/ Removal of the losses